Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of the most admired American authors of the 19th century, and his reputation has endured to the present day. His novels, including The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables, are widely read in schools. A native of Salem, Massachusetts, Hawthorne often incorporated the history of New England, and some lore related to his own ancestors, into his writings. And by focusing on themes such as corruption and hypocrisy he dealt with serious issues in his fiction. Often struggling to survive financially, Hawthorne worked at various times as a government clerk, and during the election of 1852 he wrote a campaign biography for a college friend, Franklin Pierce. During Pierces presidency Hawthorne secured a posting in Europe, working for the State Department. Another college friend was Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. And Hawthorne was also friendly with other  prominent writers, including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Herman Melville. While writing Moby Dick, Melville felt the influence of Hawthorne so profoundly that he changed his approach and eventually dedicated the novel to him. When he died in 1864, the New York Times described him as the most charming of American novelists, and one of the foremost descriptive writers in the language. Early Life Nathaniel Hawthorne was born July 4, 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts. His father was a sea captain who died while on a voyage to the Pacific in 1808, and Nathaniel was raised by his mother, with the help of relatives. A leg injury sustained during a game of ball caused young Hawthorne to restrict his activities, and he became an avid reader as a child. In his teens he worked in the office of his uncle, who ran a stagecoach, and in his spare time he dabbled with trying to publish his own small newspaper. Hawthorne entered Bowdoin College in Maine in 1821 and began writing short stories and a novel. Returning to Salem, Massachusetts, and his family, in 1825, he finished a novel he had started in college, Fanshawe. Unable to get a publisher for the book, he published it himself. He later disavowed the novel and tried to stop it from circulating, but some copies did survive. Literary Career During the decade after college Hawthorne submitted stories such as Young Goodman Brown to magazines and journals. He was often frustrated in his attempts to get published, but eventually a local publisher and bookseller, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody began to promote him. Peabodys patronage introduced Hawthorne to prominent figures such as Ralph Waldo Emerson. And Hawthorne would eventually marry Peabodys sister. As his literary career began to show promise, he secured, through political friends, an appointment to a patronage job in the Boston custom house. The job provided an income, but was fairly boring work. After a change in political administrations cost him the job, he spent about six months at Brook Farm, a Utopian community near West Roxbury, Massachusetts.   Hawthorne married his wife, Sophia, in 1842, and moved to Concord, Massachusetts, a hotbed of literary activity and home to Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and Henry David Thoreau. Living in the Old Manse, the house of Emersons grandfather, Hawthorne entered a very productive phase and he wrote sketches and tales. With a son and a daughter, Hawthorne moved back to Salem and took another government post, this time at the Salem custom house. The job mostly required his time in the mornings and he was able to write in the afternoons. After the Whig candidate Zachary Taylor was elected president in 1848, Democrats like Hawthorne could be dismissed, and in 1848 he lost his posting at the custom house. He threw himself into the writing of what would be considered his masterpiece, The Scarlet Letter. Fame and Influence Seeking an economical place to live, Hawthorne moved his family to Stockbridge, in the Berkshires. He then entered the most productive phase of his career. He finished The Scarlet Letter, and also wrote The House of the Seven Gables. While living in Stockbridge, Hawthorne befriended Herman Melville, who was struggling with the book that became Moby Dick. Hawthornes encouragement and influence was very important to Melville, who openly acknowledged his debt by dedicating the novel to his friend and neighbor. The Hawthorne family was happy in Stockbridge, and Hawthorne began to be acknowledged as one of Americas greatest authors. Campaign Biographer In 1852 Hawthornes college friend, Franklin Pierce, received the Democratic Partys nomination for president as a dark horse candidate. In an era when Americans often did not know much about the presidential candidates, campaign biographies were a potent political tool. And Hawthorne offered to help his old friend by quickly writing a campaign biography. Hawthornes book on Pierce was published a few months before the November 1852 election, and it was considered very helpful in getting Pierce elected. After he became president, Pierce paid back the favor by offering Hawthorne as diplomatic post as the American consul in Liverpool, England, a thriving port city. In the summer of 1853 Hawthorne sailed for England. He worked for the U.S. government until 1858, and while he kept a journal he didnt focus on writing. Following his diplomatic work he and his family toured Italy and returned to Concord in 1860. Back in America, Hawthorne wrote articles but did not publish another novel. He began to suffer ill health, and on May 19, 1864, while on a trip with Franklin Pierce in New Hampshire, he died in his sleep.

Crime in India Among the Youth in Recent Times - 1665 Words

Crimes committed by Delhi youth on the rise Upasana Mukherjee, Hindustan Times New Delhi, October 27, 2012 Last month, a 16-year-old Delhiite allegedly murdered a 4-year-old boy after the victim’s mother spurned his advances. He stabbed the child more than 30 times with a pair of scissors. In April this year, a 14-year-old boy, who held a grudge against his neighbour over Rs. 50, allegedly stabbed her to death in northwest Delhi’s Jahangirpuri. He allegedly also killed two other women who tried to save her.Incidents like these are not isolated — juvenile delinquency is on the rise in the Capital.Statistics for Delhi by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) show that cases of juvenile delinquency under the total cognisable crimes†¦show more content†¦Students these days are more independent and do not want any interference in their routine which is the main cause of this mania, said Shama Khan, associate professor of Government College. The recent change I feel is the lack of discipline in the youths which leads to stress and depression, added Chanda Keswani, associate professor of civics and political science. The youth are under constant pressure to perform. Fierce competition and increasing stress in the environment compel the youths to opt an easy way out, said Chitra Arora, principal of Government Girls College and professor of Philosophy. Students work long hours and undergo a lot of stress, especially the resident doctors. They should rest and work in a relaxed manner to avoid becoming vulnerable to depression, said Anant Kotia, president of Resident Doctors Association. Medical professionals, too, said that symptoms of stress can be easily seen in youngsters; Boys aged between 18 to 25 years come with problems like blood pressure and hypertension, said physician Rajesh Tekchandani. The medical department added, Currently, no programme is being run to help the youngsters cope with stress, said Laxman Harchandani, chief medical and health officer. Most common causes of suicides are relationship problems, educational stress or financial reasons. AtShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of I Could Not Die 1583 Words   |  7 Pageslet me try and live now† (â€Å"I am what† 25). This quote from Abhina Aher from Mumbai, India is full of many stories that emulate the modern day hijra. Abhina’s complete story will follow further on. But what is a hijra and how can Abhina’s story relate? Hijra can mean many things, but most of all, â€Å"hijra† means â€Å"strong willed†, because despite changes and challenges facing this group throughout time, the hijras of India and South Asia have prevailed. In modern terms, hijra is just the South Asian wordRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal responsibility has to be maintained, however, the statistics that show a significant relationship between socio-economic status and vulnerability to crime cannot be dismissed (Aaltonen, Kivivuori, Martikainen, 2011). Only when these blatant injustices (e.g. the gap between the rich and the poor) are compensated, a reduction of crime can be achieved (Aaltonen, Kivivuori, Martikainen, 2011). However, not only economic problems cause juveniles to commit criminal acts. Also, broken familiesRead MoreDrug Abuse2895 Words   |  12 Pagespeople in general and the youth in particular, to the menace of drugs. The picture is grim if the world statistics on the drugs scenario is taken into account. With a turnover of around $500 billions, it is the third largest business in the world, next to petroleum and arms trade. About 190 million people all over the world consume one drug or the other. Drug addiction causes immense human distress and the illegal production and distribution of drugs have spawned crime and violence worldwide. TodayRead MoreIncreasing Crimes7023 Words   |  29 PagesINCREASING CRIMES/SUICIDES AMONG THE YOUTH OF INDIA. INCREASING CRIME RATES AMONG THE YOUTH IN INDIA. Introduction: Open any newspaper or tune into any news channel and you can be pretty sure to stumble upon crimes of all sorts ranging from petty thefts to dacoity, murder, terrorism, sexual crimes and the like. The statistics show that the miscreants have been found quite focused and determined at their jobs. In India for instance, as per the National Crime Records Bureau, incidences of crime sinceRead MoreViolence Among Youth3553 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Indians aspire for their country to be a large, rapidly growing economy, and also to be respected as a great nation. In India, 480 million are less than 19 years old. India has 20% of the world’s children. [1] The recent years have seen an unprecedented increase in youth violence, often lethal violence, all around the nation. Anecdotal evidence of increase in violence by young people against women and old people, of road rage, of violence in schools, and other violent actions to getRead MoreSchool Uniforms1143 Words   |  5 Pageseducation but school gives us the platform to nurture our faith, emotions in such an early stage of life. The importance of making friends, working as a team- we learn all these in school. And wearing the same dress definitely brings a sense of unity among students. In every school there are students from different backgrounds but with the school uniform everyone becomes one-the only identity dominates at that moment is all them are representative of the same school. This is a great feeling of togethernessRead MoreAbstract. This Memoir Employed A Mixed Methods Design To1562 Words   |  7 Pagesprove effective. In the latter sections propose interventions in the Juvenile Justice system in Haiti that will reduce the rates of juvenile delinquency when implemented. Examination of juvenile reform systems across the globe including the USA, India, Mexico and France with interviews with government officials further suggest and indicate that proposed intervention will reduce the likelihood of subsequent repeat offenders. If truly this is the goal of the juvenile system, then the pathway to reformationRead MoreChanging Role of Women in Indian Politics1554 Words   |  7 Pageswomen are carving their own niche in every field including those which were entirely male dominated till 1947. Despite all this they remain second class citizens in almost every sense in rural areas across India. Crime against women continues to increase, female foeticide is very common among educated women, incidents of sati still take place. The head of the family continues to be a man. The story does not end here. In fact what underlines the inferior status conferred upon woman is their statusRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Criminal Behavior Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesViolence among men in a relationship with another partner. This literature review will help you understand how Emotional Intelligence heavily relates to Criminal Behavior among both convicted and non-convicted criminals; this review will also provide a wide variety of ages and regions such as Ireland and Egypt. Literature Review 1st article authors and date conducted an analysis that involved both non convicted and convicted criminals at the Birsa Munda Central Jail in Jharkhand, India. In thisRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is Not A Problem3877 Words   |  16 Pagesthe policies you please, but how they carried out depends on him. He is going to move in and take over your churches, schools, universities and corporations. The fate of humanity is in his hands† . But, over the past few decades juvenile violence crime has grown twice as quickly as that of the adults. Childhood experiences plays a very significant role in the development of criminality in a juvenile, generally this trait of criminality is not noticeable in the early life, but if they are acted upon

Teens vs. Toddlers free essay sample

When we are young we admire the great and cool things that teenagers are able to do, and all we want is to be teenagers. As the years would go by we would get more excited because our teen years were getting closer. However, when we finally reach those teenage years, we then suddenly wish we could be kids again. A teenager and a child both have their differences and similarities, but they are more different than we think; after all, they are two different ages. As teenagers we can experience some of the most memorable and toughest moments in our lives. A teenager goes through many pleasant and depressing times, whereas children do not really experience depressing moments. Teenagers could be depressed over losing a friend, getting bullied, or lack of confidence. Children also do not experience much stress as teens do. Teenagers could be stressing over how to talk to someone they like, or having a lot of homework that is due the next day. We will write a custom essay sample on Teens vs. Toddlers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Going through puberty could be another stressful situation in a teen’s life. In contrast to teenagers, young children are allowed to do basically anything they wants; children can also get away with anything. Children do not have to worry about having any hard work, or responsibilities. Children can go outside and play for hours. They can make all the mess they want and have someone else clean up after them. Life is like a wonderland for children, but as for teenagers, they have many responsibilities. Most teenagers have to go straight home after school to do chores, babysit younger siblings, do homework, and sometimes even study for exams. Some teenagers even have to pick up the responsibility of having a job to help out with household bills. Unlike teenagers, children also need more attention. Children have to be watched by their parents when they are outside playing. Parents have to even supervise children as they eat to make sure the child actually eats his/ her food. Also, a child almost always needs help, or assistance, with getting certain tasks done. For example, a child would need the assistance of a parent to bathe them, or have their parent make them food. On the other hand, teenagers do not really need to be helped with those kinds of things. When a teenager is hungry, they can go into the kitchen and prepare their own food. Contrary to children, teenagers are able to make their own decisions. Teens can choose what to wear, what to eat, or where to go. Some teens, of course, will ask for permission from their parents, but they are not really controlled by them as children are. A child has to go wherever their parents go, and have to follow what their parents tell them to do. The child might cry and throw fits, but they do not have a choice because they do not know how to make correct decisions yet. Whereas teenagers have the choice of going out with friends, or staying home. Teenagers do not necessarily always have to be by their parent’s side like a child. Although, teenagers and children have all these differences, they still have some similarities in between. A main one being is that their parents will still have to support them, and they will still have to obey their parents. Also, a child or teen cannot be fully independent yet. But as the time goes by, you will experience many different things throughout your life. Some experiences you may like, and others you may not. The important thing is to enjoy every moment that passes.

Operational Definition of Variables Construct/Variable

Security risks The major benefit of outsourcing is normally the reduction of costs and maximization of efficiency. To ensure its success, a company usually focuses on finding the best firm to contract a job.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operational Definition of Variables Construct/Variable specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The off-shore IT services should be handled with a lot of care as it serves as the back bone of the company. In the present age, emerging issues like computer crimes and increased government involvement in the private businesses has questioned the viability of out sourcing the IT services (Beaver, 2011). In most cases, outsourcing usually revolves around the electronic assets of the company. This will include financial information or ideas. Therefore, Outsourcing greatly increases the chances of something going wrong. Since data is shared among various different users. Therefore, it is evi dent that privacy is limited and loss of data is often looming. Even though most of the IT consulting companies are known to be trustworthy and responsible in nature, not all are perfect. A company may never fully know or comprehend the down side of the company it is outsourcing from. This is usually learnt after they suffer loss of data or violation of integrity (Wejman, 2006). It is true that there is a relationship between IT outsourcing and outsourcing risks. By outsourcing a particular service, in this case the IT services, the company is always at significant risk. Topping the list of risks is that the company losses privacy of its confidential information. Additionally they are not fully aware of any hidden intentions especially from rouge employees who form the outsourced company. When the IT services are held within the company, it is not exposed to such risks but after outsourcing or taking those services off-shore, they have entered into unknown waters. The risk level in outsourcing is therefore very high. Legal Issues IT outsourcing is known widely to involve contracts hence the need to have lawyers to represent the clients on both sides to agree on the contract terms and conditions. The contracts are required to be formulated in such a way that they serve the interest of the two parties. The experience of the lawyers is vital as it goes an extra mile in pointing out to the client the various pitfalls in deals involved in outsourcing.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The terms are important as they protect the two parties from each other and they indicate their working environment. The contract between the two parties should explicitly indicate the work required to be performed, the time scale of the project (beginning and deadlines), the pay structure and cycle and method/ways of resolving conflict between the parties (Canadian Institute o f Chartered Accountants, 2003). Organizational Information Threats There are risks that the systems might fail or due to lack of integrity, information may be tampered with. In relation to this, the organizations ability on constructing sound decisions is also jeopardized.since in an outsourcing scenario, functions are carried out by different personnel governed by different management and undertaken in a different environment. In this kind of an arrangement, the employer instructs the outsourcing company to document its activities but in most cases, this may not be done as accurately as they wanted hence it may be substandard. The risk levels therefore are high (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, 2003). Organizational Performance Performance of the organization is directly affected by all departments. Failure of one department might greatly affect the overall organizational goals of success. If outsourcing the IT service by the organization goes according to plan, the per formance will be upheld. The outsourcing firm should be able to meet the defined standards of performance of the employer to ensure its relevance to the employer. References Beaver K. (2011) Outsourcing IT services: Is it worth the security risk? Retrieved from https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/tip/Outsourcing-IT-services-Is-it-worth-the-security-risk Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. (2003). Information technology  outsourcing. Toronto. Houseman et al (2006).Outsourcing, Offshoring, and Productivity Measurement in U.S. Manufacturing. New York; Sage.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operational Definition of Variables Construct/Variable specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wejman, B. (2010) Continental Airlines: Outsourcing IT to Support Business Transformation. International Journal of Communication, 2 (1), 19-25. This report on Operational Definition of Variables Construct/Variable was written and submitted by user Shane Winters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.